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Python Arrays – Python Lists

Python Arrays – Python Lists

Does python have an array?

  • Arrays are used to store multiple values in one single variable.
  • Python does not have built-in support for Arrays, but Python Lists can be used instead.

What is Python Lists/Python Arrays?

Python Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable. For example, fruits_list has 4 items apple, banana, cherry, orange

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fruits_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange"]

Lists are one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are Tuple, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.

Lists are created using square brackets []

Python List/Array Methods

Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on lists/arrays.

Method Description
append() Adds an element at the end of the list
clear() Removes all the elements from the list
copy() Returns a copy of the list
count() Returns the number of elements with the specified value
extend() Add the elements of a list (or any iterable), to the end of the current list
index() Returns the index of the first element with the specified value
insert() Adds an element at the specified position
pop() Removes the element at the specified position
remove() Removes the first item with the specified value
reverse() Reverses the order of the list
sort() Sorts the list

Python Lists/Python Arrays Items

  • List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.
  • List items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] etc. For example, fruits_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange"] then fruits_list[0]="apple", fruits_list[1]=banana

Ordered

  • When we say that lists are ordered, it means that the items have a defined order, and that order will not change.
  • If you add new items to a list, the new items will be placed at the end of the list.
  • Note: There are some list methods that will change the order, but in general: the order of the items will not change.
  • Changeable
  • The list is changeable, meaning that we can change, add, and remove items in a list after it has been created.

Python List Items Allow Duplicates

  • Since lists are indexed, lists can have items with the same value:
  • Example

fruits_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple", "cherry"]

 

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Python List Length

  • To determine how many items a list has, use the len() function:

Example

Print the number of items in the list:

fruits_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple", "cherry"]
len(fruits_list)

List Items – Data Types

  • List items can be of any data type.

Example: String, int and boolean data types:

list1 = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list2 = [1, 5, 7, 9, 3]
list3 = [True, False, False]
  • A list can contain different data types:

Example: A list with strings, integers and boolean values:

my_list = ["abc", 34, True, 40, "male"]

type()

  • From Python’s perspective, lists are defined as objects with the data type ‘list’:
  • <class ‘list’>
  • Example: What is the data type of a list?

mylist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(type(mylist))

The list() Constructor

  • It is also possible to use the list() constructor when creating a new list.
  • Example

    Using the list() constructor to make a List:

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    thislist = list(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) # note the double round-brackets
    print(thislist)

Python List of Lists (Python List in list)

A list of lists in Python is a list object where each list element is a list by itself. Create a list of list in Python by using the square bracket notation to create a nested list [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]].

Create a List of Lists in Python

Create a list of lists by using the square bracket notation. For example, to create a list of lists of integer values, use [[1, 2], [3, 4]]. Each list element of the outer list is a nested list itself.

Convert List of Lists to One List

Say, you want to convert a list of lists [[1, 2], [3, 4]] into a single list [1, 2, 3, 4]. How to achieve this? There are different options:

  • List comprehension [x for l in lst for x in l] assuming you have a list of lists lst.
  • Unpacking [*lst[0], *lst[1]] assuming you have a list of two lists lst.
  • Using the extend() method of Python lists to extend all lists in the list of lists.

Find examples of all three methods in the following code snippet:

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lst = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]

# Method 1: List Comprehension
flat_1 = [x for l in lst for x in l]

# Method 2: Unpacking
flat_2 = [*lst[0], *lst[1]]

# Method 3: Extend Method
flat_3 = []
for l in lst:
flat_3.extend(l)

## Check results:
print(flat_1)
# [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(flat_2)
# [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(flat_3)
# [1, 2, 3, 4]

Due its simplicity and efficiency, the first list comprehension method is superior to the other two methods.


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